Layer-1 Blockchains: The Foundation of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Web3
Layer-1 (L1) blockchains are the independent networks forming the base of the crypto ecosystem. They validate and record transactions, serving as the foundation for dApps, Layer-2 solutions, and Web3. Bitcoin and Ethereum are prime examples of L1s, handling crucial functions like transaction processing and consensus without external dependencies.
L1 blockchains, also known as mainnets, operate autonomously with their own rules, validators, and native tokens. This self-sufficiency distinguishes them from Layer-2 solutions, which are designed to enhance the performance of existing networks.
Consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) are central to L1 functionality. Bitcoin uses PoW (3-7 TPS), prioritizing decentralization. Ethereum's transition to PoS in September 2022 drastically reduced its energy consumption. Other notable L1s include Solana, Cardano, Avalanche, and Binance Smart Chain. These diverse approaches highlight the "blockchain trilemma," the challenge of maximizing decentralization, scalability, and security simultaneously.
L1s power DeFi, NFTs, and blockchain gaming, with potential applications in supply chain transparency, digital identity, and asset tokenization. Despite the rise of Layer-2 solutions, L1s remain the "source of truth" for final settlement and immutable records. Ongoing innovation in L1s, such as the proposed Ethereum Interoperability Layer (EIL), aims to improve user experience and address fragmentation. L1s will continue to be critical infrastructure for the decentralized internet of tomorrow.

Cryptovka
Understanding Layer-1 Blockchains: The Base Layer of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Web3
Layer-1 (L1) blockchains serve as the fundamental, independent networks that underpin the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem....