Looks like, where Windows used Ctrl+[1-9] to go to the Nth tab in any window, Linux likes to use Alt+[1-9] for this.
I'd previously corrected VS Code's behavior, which seemed odd AF at the time, so it used Ctrl, like other Windows apps, and my keybindings file brought that behavior to Linux for me. Lovely! But since everything else seems to use Alt, I think maybe instead of bludgeoning the whole OS to use Ctrl like I'm used to, I should just adapt and start using Alt. Everywhere.
Ugh.