On the calefactory, or calefactorium, one of the very few heated rooms in a medieval monastery. It wasn't only to keep monks warm in chilly winters though, it was also used to keep the important munimentum, or muniment chamber dry and warm to save important records and archives from damp and mold.
The Conversation
How medieval monks tried to stay warm in the winter
Warm rooms were often very unusual in medieval times.
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Recently there has been a lot of confusion about modernism. It didn't start as an aesthetic or economical or even technical movement. It started as a fusion between an ideology (Marxism) and a cult (Bauhaus). https://hell.twtr.plus/media/80100b84814d9305d289b3c5e0d915fdf029a20a09be189c521f7fb1d71c3aa5.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/8b860f703c77b80147b90dded79effc0009b13a875fe8213cb03fb0505f87f49.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/42da8951d3ff0f5b0ac4d63e3193f1239b8fcfe987c9b19a4de4df79dd892131.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/28a8368727166ed1c3a241c475a49a7b4fd4d42bb900da0b8197b5e216a8ab2f.file
RT @atlanticesque@twitter.com: Railroads uniquely enable cross-country transportation without disrupting the countryside. Highways, even at their best, are wider, louder, and carry with them obligate development (gas stations, truck stops…) Rail is how to connect towns without ruining everything in between. https://hell.twtr.plus/media/784ec2c8954a11ec757ee24a35af65c498d22d1de3c04ceb69bc565864c3ccb4.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/c35e9210289570cb4a7e25b84b71147774d630693ed2bca6c191517f639ba760.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/af2d8cdf53188375ba49a92215c8405a6bfa668c781bb2dc443b6bbc7b679965.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/3a212418056531797c9a591f5381c86af145fd340efa9ab4d9dae26bd6c30bad.file
Bon Napoléon in Tokyo Station. I really hope they call their pies after European countries so that you can order something like "a piece of Savoy", "a slice of Spain" and "a large piece of Poland"! https://hell.twtr.plus/media/f1c579af9a2a674a6aa1752d2f966ed8ef79f9b90800184ff9c4bc32b2c6d7bf.file
Some classical urbanism terms: Synoecize — to join diverse things together, to form into a large community or single state Disoicize — (the opposite of Synoecize) to return the parts once synoicized to their original forms Porta praetoria — the front or main gate of a Roman camp, from where the Via praetoria led to the generals quarters or tent (the Praetorium) Decamanus — (the opposite of the Via Praetoria) the road towards the Porta decumana, the gate furthest from the enemy https://hell.twtr.plus/media/f751099e0d56c34a6f67ef476c95cb3b6d7b0e884c8059fdcc790712186ded99.file
A century of housing in four pictures: A villa for Silesian miners built by the mining corporation and designed by German architects in 1910. The villa the mining corporation built for the American managers who took over in 1926. The worker's housing built by the communist state to replace the 1910 villas in the 1970s. Apartment blocks to be built for workers with mortgages in 2026. All photos show the same tiny little town in Poland: Giszowiec, Upper Silesia. https://hell.twtr.plus/media/8dabbe07324103385c26ea9741715aaf6773410b0def36e28038ca774d7873bb.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/e47813b5cb3c56efb748f3f2c0299120a80f411ea2decab879e2ec5a44ee7470.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/fe90dd625cb3b36c432511549bbace60e6b3dd3a49c43f4a9442fe8e014ba4aa.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/dec16615a3f44024510d9abbe199760a3c4cc01633abe04f488bd2c34473a2cb.file
"Heavy snow is knocking out our buses, car traffic is stopped and trams are derailing! What should we do?!" "Old trams." https://hell.twtr.plus/media/6401518f539cf365163644e6622c91e9dc002102765470258032d12d38ecb63d.file
Manchester U has a new book on the human stories behind the urbanization of Nairobi, Kenya.
New book highlights human toll of the Kenyan property boom
New book highlights human toll of the Kenyan property boom
As Nairobi’s skyline climbs ever higher, life for those living on the city’s edges is being transformed - and not always for the better. In a p...
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There are likely no more truly wild rock doves, but the rock doves with the least genetic influence from feral or domesticated pigeons are those on the Outer Hebrides, Scotland.
The Conversation
What I’ve learned from studying the wild pigeon
The wild rock dove is little understood and largely overlooked by scientists.
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