After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 it was discovered that infrastructure such as harbor piers that had used crushed stone foundations hadn't suffered any damage from the earthquake even while identical structures nearby that had used regular concrete piling had been destroyed from the effects of soil liquefaction. Soil liquefaction is when waterlogged soil for a few moments turn liquid from the shaking, pushing some things up (like pipes, manholes, concrete foundations) and sinking other things before turning instantly solid again. A famous example is this car in New Zealand. So around 2000 the crushed stone piling method was developed for commercial use and is now fairly common in Japan. While not suitable everywhere, it is the preferred method on certain soils. https://hell.twtr.plus/media/e8d02c0599b06461dc17819f1f651971adbabc71d05918611aedefe25d02d566.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/f8a1d554e8b32b75196742bfb07390a658de7809a2306698aeb654609594165b.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/61f7376361abdf94d30da85bc685cf394e918083b3e8b37c8f61af8cba9d2404.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/1bbcb1cc237ee18beaa676835a622f9c7a503c47cbe21b8e4551b8b49bf9ba5b.file
Crushed stone piling is an alternative foundation method for buildings on softer soils. Instead of drilling or pounding down concrete or steel pillars, holes are drilled and filled with crushed stone. While a little more expensive than regular deep pile foundations they have several advantages, not least that they are basically immune to soil liquefaction, a major hazard in earthquakes. https://hell.twtr.plus/media/153a377d01c8d9f1d96681e0a00a49b8678f2dcb1005009cba76e5aa616273cc.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/bffd2078446df89c560e4411f5e97a87bbd06741a57cc04293227d73a1ebbdf1.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/93896f4b624de2317f4165f69bf798590d264901a8c4613038ae63edc9437ba7.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/25e2413032792206b27c96482e4adfd1a61f76a75fec748474e5515cada26484.file
RT @Trad_Arch_Bdays@twitter.com: Happy birthday, Gabriel von Seidl. December 9, 1848 in Munich, Germany. 1/ https://hell.twtr.plus/media/5b497ebdec3df368b2bcf6abb961cbc461b16c0129afeeee579cdc5d0ce6f4c0.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/1d635ee02bd5f95451a6a10851b902763d5a365ba968ee906421c62cfad2d8a3.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/90968bf2463f64a5c4826cab01160d84a9adf9159a36c15c2ee0e553542f6b52.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/bd8e83e9782609b2328bc4285b22bb1814b509a3657f8a0a8533b477bd6b5ae3.file
The 2023 masonry or mass heater built by master plasterer Mitsuru Konuma (小沼充). 2.25m x1.35m, weighing 3 tons. The core is a fire brick frame, covered in a clay rich soil and plastered over. Very unusual construction in Japan. https://hell.twtr.plus/media/ce43fcd1927f7218857796118c1b694919321c11d391728c72cf2f0cd416cca1.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/b4e23a016561ec11be21b83d021384d8e549060453dc4f57a9e9c218fbb37265.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/bd48d023cf76fa7329d3aa6a3d56ac14305d3ab0df1d39114149511cef93aba9.file
Reminds me of Uta von Ballenstedt (1000-1046, but her likeness is 13th century). https://hell.twtr.plus/media/9585756512c5b2bb42df307c9424813eed480a106a51a5fea2555e43a36d4153.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/534d88dd5c367f97e3d5b710e6e01e1ade4280075ee95e70d601db5fd8b4795b.file https://hell.twtr.plus/media/1779451bc4765c3fb7654f9553530e566538c1aef200118aa20e5b70524b850d.file