Bitcoin Core v30 (Oct 2025) relaxes the default relay limits on `OP_RETURN` (โnulldataโ) outputs.
This is a policy change, NOT a consensus change:
blocks with large OP\_RETURNs were always valid under consensus rules.
Concerns:
spam / chain bloat, legal risk (illegal content), and โhidden captureโ fears.
1. Node Operator Actions
Run stricter policy configs or alternative clients.
Keep old limits with Coreโs (deprecated) flags:
-datacarriersize=83
-datacarrier=1
-datacarriercount=1
Use Bitcoin Knots or patch Core to re-enforce limits.
Monitor OP\_RETURN growth:
set up alerts for TXs >83 bytes or multiple OP\_RETURNs per TX.
Rationale:
Keeps your mempool leaner, while still staying on the same consensus chain.
2. Miner / Pool Actions
Adopt conservative block templates.
Configure template generation to exclude OP\_RETURNs above chosen thresholds (e.g. >80B, >1 per TX).
Add fee multipliers:
Example:
`OP_RETURN` data โฅ500B requires ร2 minimum feerate.
Publicly state policy โ transparency discourages โfree-ridersโ stuffing blocks.
Rationale:
Miners, not devs, control what actually makes it on-chain. Unified policy deters spam.
3. Community Actions
Push for telemetry & metrics:
add code to measure OP\_RETURN share in mempool and blocks. Publish stats (like ordinals watchers do).
Ask for safeguards upstream:
Expose a `-opreturnfeeratefactor` knob (charge higher virtual size).
Add `-datacarrierpolicy` presets (strict / relaxed / unbounded).
Encourage layered protocols:
point developers of indexing / messaging systems to off-chain or sidechain solutions, instead of bulk OP\_RETURN use.
4. Legal / Compliance Notes
Some jurisdictions have explicit liability for storing or redistributing illegal content.
Node ops should consider `blocksonly=1` (relay off), or filtered mempools, if local law risk is high.
No fork is needed.
Operators:
keep using old limits if you prefer.
Miners: enforce higher fees or size caps in block templates.
Community:
track, measure, and push back if OP\_RETURN bloat becomes systemic.
This way, you keep user safety, chain integrity, and decentralization intact โ without replay attacks, forks, or liquidity fragmentation.
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